PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

 Illustration:

Andrew           : How long have you been living here?

Anne               : I have been living here for six years.

Andrew           : Where do you work?

Anne               : I work in Hilton hotel.

Andrew           : How long have you been working there?

Anne               : I have been working there for two years.

Andrew           : Do you enjoy working there?

Anne               : Yes, I enjoy working there so much.

Functions:

·          Present perfect continuous is used to express about activities started in the past and it is still going on until now.

            Example:

I started working in this office two years ago, and I am still working here now.

So we can say:

I have been working in this office for two years.

Or

I have been working in this office since two years ago.

·         Present perfect continuous also can be used to express about cause and effect.

Example:

Why are you so tired?

I have been working overtime so I am so tired.

Pattern:

            (+) Subject + have/has + been + Verb. Ing + Object / complement.

            (-) Subject + have/has + not + been + Verb. Ing + Object / complement.

            (?) Have/has + Subject + been + verb. Ing + object / complement?

Note:

Have    : I, You, They, We

Has      : She, He, It

Time signal: since, for

Example:

(+). She has been reading novel for 30 minutes.

(-).  She has not been reading novel for 30 minutes.

(?). Has she been reading novel for 30 minutes? Yes, she has/ No, she has not

Exercises:

       I.            Write the correct sentences in the space available!

1.      (+). We have been studying” present perfect continuous” for 15 minutes.

(-). ________________________________________________________

(?). ________________________________________________________

2.      (+). __________________________________________

(-). She has not been listening to music since an hour ago.

(?). ___________________________________________

3.      (+). ___________________________________________

(-). ____________________________________________

(?). Have you been working in this company for 3 years?

4.      (+). My father has been driving car for 100 km.

(-). ___________________________________

(?). ___________________________________

5.      (+). ______________________________________________

(-). They have not been doing homework since 15 minutes ago.

(?)._______________________________________________

    II.            Answer the questions orally!

1.      How long have you been reading this lesson?

2.      How long have you been studying at your school?

3.      What have you been doing since this morning?

4.      Where have you been working?

5.      Where have you been living?

 III.            Write the suitable causes of this case?

1.      Why is your father so tired?

2.      Why are your eyes so red?

3.      Why are your clothes dirty?

4.      Why is your sister sad?

5.      Why are you so happy?

Related topic:
Present Perfect Tense

           

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Illustration:

Joe       : Have you ever gone to Bali?

Jack     : No, I haven’t gone to Bali yet. What about you?

Joe       : Yes, I have gone to Bali once.

Jack     : Really, how long have you stayed there?

Joe       : I have stayed there for a week.

Jack     : Did you enjoy being there?

Joe       : Yes, I did, I enjoyed being there very much, because the beach was so beautiful and the local tradition was so unique.

Functions:

The present perfect is used:

Ø  to talk about something that happened during a period of time that is not yet finished:

The train has been late three times this week.

He still hasn’t visited his girlfriend.

Ø  when the time in the past is not mentioned, or is not important:

He’s written a novel.

We’ve bought a new house.

Ø  when the action finished in the past, but the effect is still felt in the present:

He’s lost his motorcycle (and he still hasn’t found it).

Ø  with for and since to show the duration of an action or state up until the present:

                        I have worked here since 2013.

                        She hasn’t bought any new clothes for many years.

Ø  in British English, with just, ever, already and yet:

                        We’ve just arrived.

                        Have you ever been there before?

                        He’s already packed his suitcases.

                        Haven’t you finished yet?

Pattern:

            (+) Subject + Have/has + V3 /been+ Complement

            (-) Subject + Have/has + not + V3 /been+ Complement

            (?) Have/has + Subject + V3/been + Complement?

Note:

Have    : I, you, they, we

Has      : she, he, it

Example:

·         (+) She has worked in this office for three years.

(-) She has not worked in this office for three years.

(?) Has she worked in this office for three years? Yes, she is / No, she not

·         (+) They have been in Jakarta for a long time.

(-)  They have not been in Jakarta for a long time.

(?) Have they been in Jakarta for a long time?

Exercises:

Arrange these words in order to be good sentences!

1.      Has-drunk-coffee- father-my- two-of –glasses.

2.      They –have- done- not- homework-the.

3.      She-America-has-in-lived-three-for-years?

4.      Bought –he-a-car-new-has-not-yet.

5.      Long- you-have-how-worked-here?

Practice:

1.      What activities have you done today?

2.      What other country have you ever visited?

3.      Has your father gone to work?

4.      Have you done your homework?

5.      What have you studied at school today?

6.      What have you eaten today?

7.      What achievement have you ever got?

8.      How many times have you flown by plane?

9.      What has your mother cooked today?

10.   Have you ever experienced any accident?

Related topic:
Present continuous tense

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

 What is he doing?
He is knocking the door.




Functions:

            Present continuous tense has four functions:

·         We use present continuous tense to express activity which is happening now.

Example: I am learning present continuous tense now.

                 My  Uncle is driving car at this time.

                 Listen! Somebody is calling us.

·         We use present continuous tense to express long process activity which is still in progress.

Example: My brother is studying to be a doctor. (It needs long process)

                He is still running his new business.

·         We can use present continuous tense to express about near future activity.

(Future activity which has been scheduled)

Example: We are having examination tomorrow.

                 My father is working next Monday.

·         Present continuous tense and “always” can be used to express about repeating and irritating action.

Example: She is always coming to school late.

                 He is always throwing the rubbish anywhere.

Pattern:

            (+) Subject + to be + Verb. ing +  Object / complement.

            (-) Subject + to be + not + Verb. ing +  Object / complement.

            (?) To be + Subject + Verb. Ing + Object / complement?

Note: I                         = am

         You, they, we      = are

        She, He, It           = is     

Time signal:    now, at present, at this time,

look!, listen!..etc.

Example:

(+) He is listening to music now.

(-) He is not listening to music now.

(?) Is he listening to music now? Yes, he is / No, he is not

Exercises:

Ø  Transform these sentences into the form instructed!

1.      (+) He is riding motorcycle.

(-)  ___________________

(?) ___________________

2.      (+) ____________________

(-) We are not reading novel.

(?) _____________________

3.      (+) _____________________

(-) ______________________

(?) Are they watching TV?

Ø  Answer this question based on your condition now!

1.      Are you smoking now?

2.      What are you doing?

3.      Is your father working?

4.      Where is he working?

5.      Are you wearing shirt?

6.      What are you wearing?

7.      Is it raining in your area?

8.      Are you watching TV?

9.      What is your mother doing?

                  10.  Why are you reading this lesson?

What is she doing?





Related topic:
Simple present with tobe